Electric motors power countless technologies, from household appliances to electric vehicles, yet their fundamental operating principles can be demonstrated using only a battery, magnet, and wire. In this experiment, we investigate how reversing the polarity of a magnet changes the direction of rotation in a homopolar motor by analyzing the Lorentz force acting on a current-carrying conductor.

This experiment investigates how the magnetic force between two permanent magnets changes as the distance between them increases. By measuring force at different separations and analyzing the data graphically, the experiment reveals how magnetic interactions weaken with distance and demonstrates quantitative experimental analysis in physics.

Batteries power everything from flashlights to smartphones, but few people think about what happens inside them when current flows. In this experiment, we explore how the internal resistance of a common AA battery affects its terminal voltage as current increases.