This project explores the fabrication of transparent conductive films using nanomaterials such as silver nanowires, graphene, or carbon nanotubes. Students prepare nanomaterial dispersions in water or ethanol with a polymer binder, then apply the mixture to glass or plastic substrates using spin coating or spray deposition. After drying and heat treatment, the films are tested for optical transparency and electrical conductivity, allowing learners to directly investigate the trade-offs between light transmission and sheet resistance. The experiment develops skills in nanomaterials processing, thin-film deposition, and electronic materials characterization.
 
Analysis focuses on how nanomaterial choice, concentration, and layer thickness influence performance. Students compare transparency and conductivity results across different samples, exploring optimization strategies such as multiple thin layers, hybrid films, or compression treatments. By simulating materials used in solar cells, touchscreens, and flexible electronics, the project demonstrates how nanoscale structures impact device-scale properties. This experiment provides a practical introduction to the design and testing of advanced functional materials central to modern optoelectronic technologies.