This project demonstrates the design and testing of a graphene-based supercapacitor to explore the principles of advanced energy storage. Graphene oxide, mixed with conductive additives and a polymer binder, is coated onto conductive substrates to form electrodes. A porous separator soaked in an aqueous or acidic electrolyte is layered between the electrodes to complete the device. Students then test the prototype by charging it at low voltage and monitoring discharge performance with small loads such as LEDs. Through this process, learners gain practical experience in nanomaterials handling, electrode fabrication, and electrochemical testing, while developing an understanding of how graphene’s high surface area and conductivity contribute to energy storage.
 
Analysis focuses on capacitance, energy density, and cycle stability, with variations in electrolyte composition and electrode thickness providing opportunities for optimization. Comparisons with alternative electrode materials highlight the advantages of graphene in terms of charge–discharge rates and durability. This experiment introduces students to scalable principles of supercapacitor design and provides insight into how advanced nanomaterials are applied in next-generation energy devices, bridging the gap between laboratory research and real-world renewable energy technologies.